libera/##covid-19/ Friday, 2021-09-24

BrainstormNew from r/WorldNews: worldnews: Man punches nurse in the face multiple times after his wife is vaccinated for Covid → https://is.gd/dzSzxm00:03
de-factoooff Leonardi drawing a very dark future, hopefully we can avoid that00:05
BrainstormUpdates for Qatar: +109 cases (now 236016), +5825 tests (now 2.6 million) since a day ago — Mali: +20 cases (now 15123), +1142 tests (now 412538) since 23 hours ago00:07
de-factomaybe it helps people to realize the only sane way is targeting for zero covid, could take some years for every country to realize it until they tried everything else00:07
nixonixyeah. it was about depleting naive t-cell repertoire. i didnt get what this meant, though "Cell differentiation more permitting"00:11
nixonixthere was some paper he linked to, about b-cells acting as effector cells (which is poorly known according to authors)00:12
nixonix.title https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-020-00814-z00:12
Brainstormnixonix: From www.nature.com: Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity in COVID-19 | Nature Immunology00:12
sdfgsdfg.title https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-5731283200:12
Brainstormsdfgsdfg: From www.bbc.com: 'White fungus': Drug-resistant fungal infections pose threat to India patients - BBC News00:12
sdfgsdfgvery high amount of covid patients getting fungal infections etc with 70% mortality rate sounds weird00:13
sdfgsdfghttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9287178/00:13
nixonixsteroid use for (too) early symptoms, prob00:13
sdfgsdfgso it's just steroids then... It's seriously frustrating how media exploits the covid uncertainty and fear00:14
nixonixjoe rogan took steroids the next day he got symptoms (and monoclonals and some nutritionists scam shit)00:17
de-factowell yeah excessive steroid use (when oxygen was needed and out of supply) could explain some, but i suspect there also is a immune system component to it, it probably is quite out of "balance" on many levels after a COVID00:18
nixonixthey found some other fungus in netherlands too, from hospitalized patients. but who knows if they took some roids too00:18
nixonixno, in india they prob just got steroids from pharmacy before they went to hospital. you can buy anything there, some doctor prescribes what you want or think you want00:21
nixonixif they are already in shape they need oxygen, then steroids might be actually useful (depending type)00:21
nixonixthey will likely make you feel better, for a while (when used too early)00:22
de-factoe.g. if COVID depletes certain cell reservoirs, or consumes all resources usually available for targeting other/new intruders etc00:24
sdfgsdfgthat was supposed to be the issue discovered down the line a few years or a decade later00:24
sdfgsdfgmaybe more people start getting cancer and dying of immune system not recognizing new stuff as well as it should after a while00:25
sdfgsdfgbut mrna is on trial for cancer treatment too00:26
de-factoi think we will learn more if we invest more long covid research00:27
de-factoafaik goverments are starting to invest into such research projects00:27
nixonix.title https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170802201246.htm  reminded me from that paper yesterday, that i linked to turbo00:33
Brainstormnixonix: From www.sciencedaily.com: How to reprogram cells in our immune system: The discovery could improve treatments for autoimmune diseases and cancer -- ScienceDaily00:33
nixonix"Many cancers take control of regulatory T cells to suppress the immune system, creating an environment where tumors can grow without being detected00:34
nixonixand this one (i couldnt find more about IC's statement): "Scientists at Imperial College London are now researching how the disease could be reprogramming our immune system, in a similar way to other illnesses00:36
sdfgsdfglast one !! that's gold00:36
de-factosome things even may be good, wasnt there papers about lymphoma patients having a lot better values after COVID?00:37
sdfgsdfgI remember the recent research on people on immunosuppressants00:39
sdfgsdfgnot sure if that's related00:39
de-factowhat i mean, if those immune reactions are understood better even some cancer treatments may benefit from that knowledge00:42
nixonix.title https://khn.org/news/article/covid-autoimmune-virus-rogue-antibodies-cytokine-storm-severe-disease/  a bit old, but reprogramming regulatory ics so that they dont suppress the action after acute infection?00:45
Brainstormnixonix: From khn.org: Coronavirus Deranges the Immune System in Complex and Deadly Ways | Kaiser Health News00:45
de-facto.title https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjh.1711600:46
Brainstormde-facto: From onlinelibrary.wiley.com: SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced remission of Hodgkin lymphoma - Challenor - 2021 - British Journal of Haematology - Wiley Online Library00:46
nixonixIn some people with severe covid, however, helper T cells don’t stand down when the infection is over, said James Heath, a professor and president of Seattle’s Institute for Systems Biology. About 10% to 15% of hospitalized covid patients Heath studied had high levels of these cells even after clearing the infection. By comparison, Heath found00:51
nixonixlingering helper T cells in fewer than 5% of covid patients with less serious infections.00:51
nixonixIn affected patients, helper T cells were still looking for the enemy long after it had been eliminated. Heath is now studying whether these overzealous T cells might inflict damage that leads to chronic illness or symptoms of autoimmune disease. “These T cells are still there months later and they’re aggressive,” Heath said. “They’re on00:51
nixonixthe hunt.”00:51
nixonix.title https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7598743/  was prob this study that was about00:51
Brainstormnixonix: From www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: SARS-CoV-2, the autoimmune virus - PMC00:51
nixonix.title https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/emmm.20211415000:56
Brainstormnixonix: From www.embopress.org: Long‐lived macrophage reprogramming drives spike protein‐mediated inflammasome activation in COVID‐19 | EMBO Molecular Medicine00:56
BrainstormUpdates for St. Vin. and Gren.: +107 cases (now 3071), +495 tests (now 74168) since a day ago01:09
nixonix"Furthermore, we show that the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein is capable of priming inflammasome signaling in macrophages derived from tuberculosis patients again indicating common targets for the respective virus- or mycobacterium-derived PAMPs. Whether our ex vivo findings translate into protective effects of BCG vaccination requires further investigation01:10
nixonix"after exposure to certain pathogens or vaccines, trained inflammatory monocytes are produced which become highly reactive following a second antigenic stimulus (Arts et al, 2018; O’Neill & Netea, 2020). However, a similar phenomenon has not been shown yet for a viral infection and a correlating PAMP.01:10
nixonixthose are pathogen associated patterns, that certain receptors recognize01:11
nixonix"Innate immune memory is most likely generated through transcriptomic, epigenetic, and functional reprogramming of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and the respective marks can also be detected in blood monocytes01:11
nixonix*note to link that one to turbo too (my guess is, he has read it)01:12
de-factoyou can %tell turbotech <something>01:13
nixonixyeah, ill check the logs so i see what i typed too01:14
nixonixso if i understood that right, they havent found PAMPs from other viruses (those patterns are apparently used in vaccines, prob as adjuvants)01:17
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): Israel is descending from a severe 4th wave; main issue now is the unvaccinated"17 percent of eligible Israelis who have not received the vaccine account for 60 percent of coronavirus deaths in the past two weeks"haaretz.com/israel-news/is…@OurWorldInData pic.twitter.com/Xnqmm8ktHo → https://is.gd/tZ9SuZ01:18
nixonixi wonder if this virus is just different in many ways, or is it more that they dont know other viruses that well01:18
nixonix.title https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.21256520v1  repaste, but suits for the theme01:21
Brainstormnixonix: From www.medrxiv.org: The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 reprograms both adaptive and innate immune responses | medRxiv01:21
nixonix.title https://twitter.com/fitterhappierAJ/status/1441174146352746503  do they ask first if you have had rona, when you go to doctor with some health trouble in the future01:26
Brainstormnixonix, the URL could not be loaded01:26
nixonix.title https://twitter.com/frozen/status/144114443977099674601:32
Brainstormnixonix: From twitter.com: Tom Jackman (@frozen): "This is a remarkable graph that highlights the dangers of Delta to everyone, but particularly the increased level of risk to kids." | nitter01:32
nixonixnote that is log scale. and using CFR so cant be used to accurately estimate the level of increased severity (those with no symptoms or very mild are less likely to get tested, and if a new variant reduces their share... sure there are other factors like testing numbers and tracing)01:33
nixonixsorry, those were deaths...01:34
nixonixi thought i saw graphs for hospitalization or something earlier, but maybe i didnt. but anyways, IFR should be used or hospitalization rate, but problem is to find out the real infection numbers unless you test like danish01:35
de-factovaccinated wont be tested, so VE will be unknown, although it would be very important to monitor that as function of all parameters to optimize protection01:38
de-factoin Germany they make people pay for tests again and cancel financial support for those that have to go into quarantine. Effect: paying for testing comes with the risk of two weeks no payment, hence people wont do that anymore01:40
de-factoimho absolutely the wrong decision, but oh well.01:40
de-factoi think they should do exactly the opposite, remove vaccine passports and build up a widespread PCR testing infrastructure, make testing mandatory in all working places, schools, universities, events etc pp01:47
de-factoif someone tests positive, investigate medical history (vaccination etc pp) to accumulate stats01:48
de-factojust imagine, if every citizen would take a PCR test twice a week, where could SARS-CoV-2 still hide then?01:48
de-factoand of course, they must support people that quarantine01:49
sdfgsdfghey I think this concludes everything, I just went through the --> mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 reprograms both adaptive and innate immune responses01:49
sdfgsdfgthanks for the repost01:49
sdfgsdfgit says The response of innate immune cells to TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands was lower after BNT162b2 vaccination, while fungi-induced cytokine responses were stronger.01:50
BrainstormNew from Reddit (test): nCoV: Govt. devises measures to boost COVID-19 vaccination among migrant workers | 23SEP21 → https://is.gd/nFuU0N01:50
sdfgsdfgyou know that TLR4 is cancer right01:50
sdfgsdfghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLR4#In_cancer_progression01:50
nixonixim afraid my knowledge on cancer (and most medical issues) are mostly what ive seen in those papers ive read about rona and related stuff, as a side mentioning and like...01:58
nixonixbut it may well be that most if not all viral infection and even vaccines alter innate immunity in some ways. its pretty recent find or at least confirming it, that innate immunity is partly adaptive too. so prob not that well understood yet02:00
nixonixmaybe ronavax has both some beneficial, and some harmful changes to innate immunity. but it needs to be done02:02
nixonixand the same with every sniffles perhaps02:03
nixonixwhen those things are better understood, maybe some cancer-reducing alterations and what not, could be done in the future02:04
nixonixchecking from phone whats the status of my innate immune response today - oh my, need to lower tlr4 quick, where are those pills again02:05
BrainstormNew from r/WorldNews: worldnews: Sri Lanka shaman dies of COVID after touting ‘blessed’ water cure → https://is.gd/iV9zR802:11
notKwhat needs to happen is forced vaccinations02:30
notKthose refusing need to be forcibly quarantined.02:30
BrainstormUpdates for United Kingdom: +175 deaths (now 135882) since 23 hours ago02:36
sdfgsdfgnot just that we should force it with a forced automatic home delivery vax booking, a nurse and 2 cops visiting you at home. Everyone happy. If you refuse to get it, the cops take you straight to the prison, without a trial. It's emergency.03:14
BrainstormNew from Virology.ws: SARS-CoV-2 related viruses from bats in Laos: Various SARS-CoV-2 like viruses have been isolated from bats in China, Thailand, and Japan, but none have a spike protein that can bind ACE2 and allow entry into human cells. Sampling of bats in Laos has now revealed the presence of such viruses. The genome of a virus called RaTG13, [... want %more?] → https://is.gd/X41LoT03:14
ublxlol ok03:17
de-facto.title https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-871965/v103:17
Brainstormde-facto: From www.researchsquare.com: Coronaviruses with a SARS-CoV-2-like receptor-binding domain allowing ACE2-mediated entry into human cells isolated from bats of Indochinese peninsula | Research Square03:18
ublxnotK & sdfgsdfg: who's paying for all this extra organisation and quarantining and cloning of an extra billion or so nurses, cops, and prison guards?03:21
sdfgsdfgvaccinated with guns could volunteer for this03:25
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): Although US cases are down 17% in the past week, and hospitalizations are on the decline, the death toll of this 4th wave is profound. And still rising.3,226 reported today.Most (>3,000) of these lives would have been saved with prior vaccination. pic.twitter.com/0hPFYel97o → https://is.gd/gev5x403:25
de-factoyou mean getting shot is inevitable, one way or the other?03:33
de-factocurrent gen of vaccines, injected IM do produce a lot of IgG (protecting most of the organs as well as lung etc), but not so much (if at all) IgA that would protect mucus (e.g. nasal and pharyngeal regions)03:34
de-factoor only at the very begin, e.g. the first few weeks or such03:34
de-factothat means that despite of lowering the propability for severe progression or even symptomatic progression significantly, a small infection on the nasal mucus still probably is possible, maybe the carrier just gets a bit of cold like symptoms or a headache or nothing at all03:35
de-factobut still the virions produced in the upper respiratory tract are not all inactivated by antibodies, just some of them, so in general someone vaccinated can be almost as infections as someone not vaccinated, but for a shorter time03:36
de-factoso that simply means, with a variant of concern as contagious as Delta our current gen vaccines wont be able to reach herd immunity without other additonal measures03:37
sdfgsdfgif everyone in the world would stay at home for a few days it would all be over, theoretically right03:38
de-factojust imagine, if no other containment is in use for a proposed base reproduction numner of R0 ~ 6, it would mean that 5 of 6 infections would have to be completely prevented in a way that can not infect any others03:38
de-factowell yeah theoretically03:38
de-factobut unfortunately that seems to be unrealistic, since it did not happen for now03:39
de-factothat is why i said we should massively ramp up and improve testing03:39
de-factoimagine, everyone would get tested twice a week03:40
sdfgsdfgwe aren't intelligent enough as species to synchronize a simple short lockdown ?03:40
de-factoand those tests would be at least as good as current best PCR tests, where should the pathogen hide then?03:40
de-factosdfgsdfg, obviously not (unfortunately)03:40
de-factovaccinations are very good for personal individual protection from hospitalization, but they wont end the pandemic unfortunately03:41
sdfgsdfgI'd prefer a nuclear war to this03:41
de-factomaybe if a next-gen vaccine could be admistered into the nose (like a spray) worldwide synchronized, that may have quite a big impact on the initial viral replication in the upper respiratory tract, inducing IgA and residual B-cells etc03:42
de-factoimho newest current information should be made available in a way that can be well understood by the majority and vaccines should be *offered* for personal protection, just because we *can* protect many people from severe progressions once they were unlucky enough to get infected03:45
de-factostill its a privilege to have access to vaccines, unfortunately many countries still simply dont have enough vaccine supplied to satisfy their demand03:45
de-factoimho vaccination is to decouple fatal and severe progressions from the infection by maybe an order of magnitude (for current gen vaccines in their main protection window), and testing is to find carriers and remove them by isolation from the infection dynamic (hence end the infection chain)03:47
de-factoat least i am quite glad I could get double vaccinated, still i am careful, wear mask and get tested on regular basis, imho that is required for me to participate in society, making sure i dont infect anyone04:08
de-factoi expect the same from everyone else, and at least in university that seems to work quite well, everyone seems to understand the importance of that, that makes many things possible again with reasonable biosecurity strictly implemented04:10
BrainstormNew from r/WorldNews: worldnews: Quebec outlaws protests within 50m of schools, hospitals and vaccination sites | CBC News → https://is.gd/8xRiff04:29
BrainstormNew from r/WorldNews: worldnews: 9 community cases of covid reported today in NZ; first time in single digit cases for weeks → https://is.gd/pEEMNy04:40
BrainstormUpdates for New Caledonia: +523 cases (now 5805), +5 deaths (now 62) since 18 hours ago — United Kingdom: +26886 cases (now 7.6 million), +137 deaths (now 135928) since 21 hours ago — South Korea: +2433 cases (now 295132), +7 deaths (now 2434), +70616 tests (now 14.2 million) since a day ago — Isle of Man: +13 deaths (now 51) since 7 hours ago04:40
BrainstormNew from Reddit (test): China_Flu: Updates: Menstrual Irregularities, Novavax, Booster, Australia, Vermont, Israel (Dr. Syed) → https://is.gd/WPoxyR05:22
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): Today New Zealand had a total of 9 cases, the lowest since their outbreak started.BTW they also donated a lot of vaccines today🇳🇿👋👍 pic.twitter.com/tGYudd6tEq → https://is.gd/zTST0A05:44
BrainstormUpdates for Belgium: +2287 cases (now 1.2 million), +10 deaths (now 25543), +55332 tests (now 19.7 million) since a day ago — Germany: +63 deaths (now 93643) since 23 hours ago06:32
BrainstormNew from r/WorldNews: worldnews: Brazil approaches 600,000 COVID deaths in second-deadliest outbreak → https://is.gd/WmMe5b07:09
sdfgsdfglol  https://i.insider.com/614a02d7de0e7b00194b95dc07:32
BrainstormUpdates for Selangor, Malaysia: +1985 cases (now 666009) since 2 hours ago — Johor, Malaysia: +1913 cases (now 186134) since 2 hours ago — Sarawak, Malaysia: +1766 cases (now 190609) since 2 hours ago — Sabah, Malaysia: +1629 cases (now 190952) since 2 hours ago07:35
BrainstormNew from The Indian Express: World: US sets the stage for COVID booster shots for millions → https://is.gd/BVvp2H07:51
BrainstormNew from Science-Based Medicine: Lions Led by Donkeys: Those who sent unprotected children into classrooms filled with COVID-19 must be remembered for more than their unparalleled capacity for self-pity, inglorious oppression fantasies, and juvenile trolling of public officials. The post  first appeared on Science-Based Medicine . → https://is.gd/4Fb2Xd08:13
BrainstormUpdates for India: +31382 cases (now 33.6 million), +146 deaths (now 445967) since 15 hours ago08:37
BrainstormNew from The Indian Express: World: US: CDC advisers back Covid-19 booster shots for those 65 and older, not for high-risk workers → https://is.gd/p0Ux5A08:55
BrainstormNew from r/Coronavirus: Daily Discussion Thread | September 24, 2021: Please refer to our Wiki for more information on COVID-19 and our sub. You can find answers to frequently asked questions in our FAQ , where there is valuable information such as our: → https://is.gd/sM7tzM09:06
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Tom Wenseleers (@TWenseleers): New confirmed SARS-CoV2 cases stable (Re=0.99, 0.98-1.01 95% CLs) and hospitalisations slightly decreasing (Re=0.91, 0.84-0.99 95% CLs) in Belgium. High vaccination rates clearly make the situation a lot less explosive than last year. pic.twitter.com/9dHLUSNDjL → https://is.gd/vMCjBq09:27
sdfgsdfgis it really a lot less though ?09:53
sdfgsdfghave to wait and see. It does look better09:54
BrainstormUpdates for Hungary: +2 cases (now 819549), +1 deaths (now 30146), +14435 tests (now 6.9 million) since 23 hours ago10:04
BrainstormUpdates for Estonia: +548 cases (now 152429), +4 deaths (now 1343), +6656 tests (now 1.9 million) since 21 hours ago — Laos: +434 cases (now 21080), +5965 tests (now 476985) since 19 hours ago — Taiwan: +8 cases (now 16176), +222774 vaccines (now 11.9 million) since 19 hours ago10:35
BrainstormNew from StatNews: See how much Covid-19 relief money health care providers in your state got: One NYC hospital system got more Covid-19 relief money than 22 states. Which health care provider got the most in your state or city? Explore the data. → https://is.gd/WGrM7310:42
BrainstormUpdates for Slovakia: +829 cases (now 406760), +2 deaths (now 12594), +8010 tests (now 3.5 million) since 21 hours ago11:00
BrainstormNew from Reddit (test): CoronaVirus_ITALIA: Emicrania e debolezza estrema dopo vaccino covid da settimane...altri come me? → https://is.gd/wVfSnB11:03
BrainstormNew from EMA: What's new: Document: Anthrax vaccine : List of nationally authorised medicinal products - PSUSA/00010771/202012 → https://is.gd/M1IhIr11:35
BrainstormUpdates for Poland: +812 cases (now 2.9 million), +14 deaths (now 75551), +39962 tests (now 20.7 million) since 23 hours ago — Germany: +6632 cases (now 4.2 million) since 23 hours ago11:37
BrainstormUpdates for Finland: +510 cases (now 138578), +19539 tests (now 7.0 million) since 22 hours ago12:02
BrainstormNew from The Indian Express (Health): Fashion: Emporio Armani celebrates 40 years during Milan Fashion Week → https://is.gd/aIMGhC12:07
BrainstormUpdates for Brunei: +1 deaths (now 32), +8750 tests (now 325991) since a day ago13:29
de-factosdfgsdfg, afaik the infectiousness of vaccine breakthrough infections can be measured by comparing secondary attack rates of naive infected with breakthrough infections of similar variants in similar households, e.g. comparing the probability of such cases to infect other household members13:33
BrainstormNew from r/WorldNews: worldnews: Singapore reports highest single-day rise in COVID-19 cases → https://is.gd/FbUxHU13:54
BrainstormNew from r/Science: science: A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19 → https://is.gd/zgcDKV14:05
BrainstormUpdates for Iceland: +38 cases (now 11632), +4965 tests (now 1.0 million) since 23 hours ago14:06
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: gianluca c 🏴‍☠️🇻🇪 #TeamFauci #MaskUp #no papers (@gianlucac1): The deterministic 3ds that i see on the "benign" evolution of Sarscov2 dwarf some others "priors" where these people take such certainty after having observed a phenomena which is, so far, heading the opposite way, i franly dont knowboh@ThManfredi @fitterhappierAJ → https://is.gd/gE98Gt14:16
BrainstormUpdates for Romania: +7116 cases (now 1.2 million), +145 deaths (now 36109), +56660 tests (now 12.5 million) since a day ago — Nepal: +1103 cases (now 789872), +9 deaths (now 11081) since a day ago — Switzerland: +1044 cases (now 832381), +38988 tests (now 10.6 million) since 23 hours ago14:31
BrainstormNew from ECDC: Data on the daily number of new reported COVID-19 cases and deaths by EU/EEA country: The downloadable data file is updated daily and contains the latest available public data on COVID-19. Each row/entry contains the number of new cases and deaths reported per day and per country in the EU/EEA. → https://is.gd/tBASDi14:38
BrainstormNew from EMA: Human medicine assessment reports: (news): Human medicines European public assessment report (EPAR): Comirnaty, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (nucleoside-modified), COVID-19 virus infection, Date of authorisation: 21/12/2020, Revision: 12, Status: Authorised → https://is.gd/golaYG14:50
BrainstormUpdates for Uganda: +312 cases (now 122903), +3 deaths (now 3140), +3829 tests (now 1.7 million) since 23 hours ago — Denmark: +2 deaths (now 2640), +76048 tests (now 83.3 million) since 12 hours ago15:09
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): Our covid times :-) pic.twitter.com/rjm1GG3elW → https://is.gd/SnwEfN15:12
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Tom Wenseleers (@TWenseleers): (2/2) And yes this just correlational of course, and would probably have to be corrected for a zillion of possible confounders. But good compilation of vaccine effectiveness for different endpoints (infection, hospitalisation, deaths) in the review below. twitter.com/TWenseleers/st… → https://is.gd/VYFLEw15:23
BrainstormUpdates for Germany: +6603 cases (now 4.2 million) since 23 hours ago15:33
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): South Korea's Delta wave—Worst of its pandemic, by far—Took off in June, now 99% Delta—Exceeded US in vaccination, 1st dose, as has more than 50 countries now—Deaths kept low@OurWorldInData pic.twitter.com/WoVsqkZoEX → https://is.gd/2tdZCk15:34
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): On the origin of #SARSCoV2, the @institutpasteur has found "closest known relative" with some sequence homology of the receptor binding domain (and other loci) in bats from Laosnature.com/articles/d4158…researchsquare.com/article/rs-871…@edwardcholmes pic.twitter.com/wEN1K9z6pR → https://is.gd/BZJVce16:07
BrainstormUpdates for Qatar: +107 cases (now 236123), +5372 tests (now 2.6 million) since 16 hours ago — Gibraltar: +5 cases (now 5502), +1937 tests (now 356490) since 19 hours ago16:11
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): Norway normalizes.No more covid restrictions.It can be done. pic.twitter.com/Iy2YRJhHGW → https://is.gd/YzhMAL16:28
BrainstormNew from COVID19 Vaccine Tracker: Andy Becker: AnGes: AG0302-COVID19 → https://is.gd/vxnUZO16:39
lastshellso Sweden was right ? https://www.businessinsider.com/sweden-anders-tegnell-mask-lockdown-vaccine-covid-strategy-2021-916:48
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Tom Wenseleers (@TWenseleers): PS And please do get vaccinated, no matter what your political orientation is. pic.twitter.com/DB1sOhxwmu → https://is.gd/nwf8R316:51
de-factoDeaths from COVID per 100k citizens in Sweden is almost an *order* of magnitude higher than in the other Skandinavian countries http://offloop.net/covid19/?default=Sweden;Norway;Finland;Iceland&byPopulation=yes&smooth=yes16:53
de-factoso if their intend was to do that, well then their choice of strategy seems to have delivered16:54
de-factolook at the second graph, accumulated deaths per 100k citizens16:55
de-factoeven without knowing anything about strategies or countries approaches, that looks like a very clear difference there17:00
BrainstormNew from ClinicalTrials.gov: (news): The School SPIT Study - Elementary Schools in Low SARS-CoV-2 Incidence Regions → https://is.gd/DRTuR817:12
BrainstormNew from ClinicalTrials.gov: (news): Efficacy Evaluation of Shen Cao Gan Jiang Tang on Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Patients → https://is.gd/Tnptu617:23
LjLlastshell, you conclude that Sweden was right based on the very person who set Swedish policies saying he had been right?17:28
LjL"Reuters reported in March that preliminary data from EU statistics agency Eurostat suggested that Sweden had excess mortality of 7.7% for 2020, compared to 18.1% and 16.2% for Spain and Belgium." ← you can't compare different countries like that. we don't know exactly what influences the virus, but some things do. it goes on to say "That said, other Nordic countries did embrace lockdowns and achieved lower excess mortality than Sweden. Norway registered n17:29
LjLo excess deaths in 2020, per the Reuters article.", and, well, that's important17:29
LjLhttp://offloop.net/covid19/?default=Sweden;Denmark;Norway;Finland17:29
LjLdoes Sweden seem to have fared well in the graphs above?17:29
LjLmaybe we could say Tegnell has been lucky in that he bet on the virus not doing much damage to begin with, and, *in his geographical area*, that bet proved right for some reason. if Tegnell had run Italy or France or Spain instead, yikes17:30
LjLi've also heard (but i don't really know details, so take it as hearsay) that over time Sweden implemented some relatively strict policies and "no lockdown" was eventually mainly just terminology compared to other countries17:31
LjLcompare it to Italy, which notoriously fared badly: http://offloop.net/covid19/?default=Italy;Sweden&byPopulation=yes  by population, they've actually had more cases. they've had fewer deaths, which makes me either applaud their healthcare system, or deride ours, but either way, it doesn't seem like they fared all that well17:33
BrainstormUpdates for Bangladesh: +1233 cases (now 1.5 million), +31 deaths (now 27368) since a day ago17:38
BrainstormNew from ClinicalTrials.gov: (news): Evaluation of Peripheral Muscle With Ultrassonografic of Critical Patients With Covid-19 → https://is.gd/m6gIKg17:56
lastshellthanks for the graph LjL18:14
`St0nerhttps://www.covid-datascience.com/post/israeli-data-how-can-efficacy-vs-severe-disease-be-strong-when-60-of-hospitalized-are-vaccinated18:15
BrainstormNew from BBC Health: (news): Margaret Keenan: First UK person to get the Pfizer jab gets booster → https://is.gd/wNd3nY18:18
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Vincent Rajkumar (@VincentRK): The Montserrat experiment. A more strict & innovative way of stopping COVID by border control than even what countries like New Zealand & China have done fairly well. Border control is hard; needs foresight; & must persist till everyone's vaccinated. nytimes.com/2021/09/21/tra… → https://is.gd/bp4SKu18:29
nixonixs/Border control is hard/Border control must be hard18:30
BrainstormUpdates for United Kingdom: +23795 cases (now 7.6 million), +178 deaths (now 135981) since 23 hours ago — Greece: +2033 cases (now 643055), +33 deaths (now 14639), +216606 tests (now 19.0 million) since 22 hours ago18:34
nixonix.title https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1441406927724892165  ettei nyt vain sattuis mitään...18:37
Brainstormnixonix: From twitter.com: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): "Norway normalizes. No more covid restrictions. It can be done." | 42l - nitter18:37
BrainstormUpdates for Macau: +2 cases (now 65) since 6 days ago19:05
de-factoonly 65 cases in 640k citizens, wow.19:06
Raf[m]<LjL> "i've also heard (but i don't..." <- That’s very interesting19:10
ann-acan I get a Moderna booster, if I've had Pfizer in the US, soon ?19:10
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): The record rise of children with covid cases in England relates to mass testing, not the true level of infectionsft.com/content/fbcd39… @FT @jburnmurdoch pic.twitter.com/0YR18vEaGq → https://is.gd/3PWwai19:12
de-factomixing brands should be just fine, it depends on how long ago you got your first full vaccination and your age/vulnerabilities i would guess19:13
de-factoideally it would depend also on estimated absolute protection level from first vaccination and decay rate of that, but since that is unknown i would guess they dont distinguish19:14
nixonix.title https://twitter.com/DrZoeHyde/status/144131360314814054519:19
Brainstormnixonix: From twitter.com: Dr Zoë Hyde (@DrZoeHyde): "Singapore has vaccinated over 80% of their entire population. Real-world evidence like this clearly shows that we need to be aiming for a 90% vaccination target, as well as [...]19:19
nixonixafaik those vaxed witn jnj or moderna are officially in limbo for boosters (but in practice, just go and get whatever brand you want - might depend on region etc if some story needed or not). i would get moderna with current information19:23
ann-abased on what CDC said today, seems I'll be eligible for a 3rd pfizer, soon, but been hearing moderna might be better, and if I might be allowed to mix, I can wait19:25
de-factono you are Pfizer for all your life now :D19:27
de-factowhy would they not allow to mix? it should not be an issue i would assume19:28
de-factothe thing that matters is if your current protection is about to expire, hence if it would make sense to upgrade or not19:28
de-factoaaw hmm19:29
BrainstormUpdates for Italy: +3790 cases (now 4.7 million), +52 deaths (now 130603) since 23 hours ago19:30
nixonixtheres a discussion threads following both topol's and eric feigl-dings tweets where people discuss on mixing, and how to get the dose you want etc, during the last couple days19:33
BrainstormNew from StatNews: Pharma: STAT+: Pharmalittle: CDC director overrules panel and recommends Pfizer shot for at-risk workers; DOD watchdog faults military over pharma supply chain issues → https://is.gd/Dhasej19:34
nixonixthey have 3 different guidanced now i think. first was the FDA's independent panels position - but thats just recommendation and FDA can follow it or not. FDA's official guidance was somewhat different: "...teacthers, among others..."19:34
de-facto.title https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html19:35
nixonixthen i think CDC had yet a bit different guidance. those twitter threads compare the wordings19:35
Brainstormde-facto: From www.cdc.gov: COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Shot | CDC19:35
de-factohmm they distinguish between mRNA and JnJ and recommend staying with that category19:35
de-factoe.g. if you got mRNA get mRNA booster and if you got vector get that again19:36
de-factowhy is that? does not make much sense to me19:36
nixonix.title https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-booster-dose-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-certain-populations19:36
Brainstormnixonix: From www.fda.gov: FDA Authorizes Booster Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine for Certain Populations | FDA19:36
nixonix"FDA amended the EUA for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine to allow for a booster dose in certain populations such as health care workers, teachers and day care staff, grocery workers and those in homeless shelters or prisons, among others,” said Acting FDA Commissioner Janet Woodcock"19:36
nixonixif they ask something, tell them you are "among others"19:37
de-factoeither immune protection is about to expire or not, what the update will be, why should matter? to lower the number of "supported" combos hence for studies predictions or such?19:37
nixonixleonardi tweeted that he'll prob get jnj, if they let him19:38
nixonixafter two mrna doses (cant remember which brand he had)19:38
nixonixi think jnj induced some cxcl13 or il-17 in around half the test subjects. not great, but better than nothing (for b-cell maturation), so im not sure if id have jnj or moderna, given choise. prob higher titers with moderna 100mcg - but they might offer 50mcg so idk19:41
nixonixchoice. hate that word19:42
nixonixwhen that response was so weak, i think my current pick for boosters would be in order: moderna 100mcg, pfizer 30mcg, moderna 50, jnj, az, sputnik, chinese, other russian vaxes. something like that (idk cuban etc possible other recently approved vaxes)19:44
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): Masks work in schools to prevent covid in children2 new @CDCMMWR reports todayLarge impact 😷😷US cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…Arizona cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…And 96% US schools have remained open in the Delta wave (3rd report) pic.twitter.com/SZInOXn0tW → https://is.gd/45Xq9219:45
ann-ade-facto: well my 2nd shot was early February19:47
nixonixhey lets put novavax on top of that list! their saponin adjuvanted vax has a good chance for robust cxcl from follicular dentritic cells, perhaps19:47
nixonix*cxcl12+1 i meant19:47
nixonixyeah, you need booster fast19:49
ann-anixonix: who19:53
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Prof. Shane Crotty (@profshanecrotty): Important vaccine science, beautiful data, great pre-print, and excellent tweetorial.Makes me proud that Prof. Locci is an alum of the Crotty Lab! twitter.com/loccilab/statu… → https://is.gd/tJMwUV19:56
nixonixyou. imo20:04
ann-ahmm, my understanding is that boosters, prevent becomes positive, but doesn't change risk of severe disease much, for < 65yo ; without pre-existing health risks, nor high risk job20:09
ann-ais it possible that in the US the current spike, has a lot to do with the July 4th holiday , and then the sports stadium events ?20:13
BrainstormNew from r/WorldNews: worldnews: DARPA denies funding Wuhan Institute of Virology amid alleged document leak → https://is.gd/TgfDgu20:17
BrainstormNew from WebMD: What People With Psoriasis Can Learn From the Pandemic: The pandemic has taught us the value of looking after ourselves -- especially for those with psoriasis. → https://is.gd/dUmn7M20:28
BrainstormUpdates for Jordan: +871 cases (now 818358), +8 deaths (now 10653), +24893 tests (now 9.9 million) since a day ago20:32
ann-anixonix:20:37
nixonix? july 4th? idk, im not american so idk what happened there, or follow that type of things20:41
twomoonwhat happened?20:42
nixonixcuriosity killed the cat - einstein20:42
de-factoann-a, meanwhile there were some links in the discussion concerting your question https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/booster-shot.html and https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-booster-dose-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-certain-populations20:46
de-factoso yeah almost 10 months after your 2nd BNT you probably would be able to get a booster20:48
de-factoalmost 8 months20:48
ann-ahmm, I can get one earlier for health care prof, but not sure if waiting for moderna 3rd might be smarter20:51
de-factothere are no Moderna boosters available ?20:52
ann-awell it will have to go through the same process I imagine20:53
de-factoit probably does not matter too much though, if you are exposed on daily basis and need protection the best probably is to take what is available20:53
de-factokeep in mind it probably will take up to 2 weeks to ramp up immunity again20:54
de-facto(14 days after the booster or such)20:54
ann-ai'm not exposed, as on sabbatical20:54
de-factowhat is your age if i may ask?20:54
de-facto.title https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-submission-initial-data-us-fda21:03
Brainstormde-facto: From investors.biontech.de: Pfizer and BioNTech Announce Submission of Initial Data to U.S. FDA to Support Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine | BioNTech21:03
de-facto.title https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-submission-initial-data-us-fda-its-covid-19/21:03
Brainstormde-facto: From investors.modernatx.com: Moderna Announces Submission of Initial Data to U.S. FDA for Its COVID-19 Vaccine Booster | Moderna, Inc.21:03
de-factoso yeah probably does not take too long for both to be approved i would assume21:04
de-factoi guess if you dont need immediate protection right now, you can choose to get the one you prefer, imho it does not matter too much, they will be quite similar in results i would assume21:05
de-factoalso if you want to estimate your most probable immune protection from studies published consider staying within the "majority" of vaccination schemes, e.g. stay with brand and most common timing schemes so you can find studies about cases similar to yourself21:07
BrainstormUpdates for Spain: +2746 cases (now 4.9 million), +44 deaths (now 86229) since a day ago21:09
ann-aI can't even understand what the CDC did today, thought I read it overruled and healthcare workers would get 3rd boosters, but now I don't think it says that21:14
ann-ahttps://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/09/24/world/covid-delta-variant-vaccine#pfizer-booster-cdc-fda-authorize21:15
de-factoif you are exposed get it as soon as possible, if you can distance get the one you want21:16
de-factoNYTimes got a very annoying website, it only works when i disable javascript completely21:17
de-factobut then many things are broken, so oh well21:17
ann-ayes i'm aware, better than the financial times though, no one is exposed21:20
de-factoann-a, are you in the elderly age group or have any medical conditions that place you in a COVID risk group?21:20
ann-anope21:20
de-factook because that matters for your decision, i guess its the same as initial vaccination campaign, starting with the high risk groups and then going down the (preexisting or exposure) risk with time21:22
de-factogood link though describing the current discussion21:25
ann-aok, I think I am eligible, but question is, should I, since I am not being exposed, hmm, “This addresses not only waning immunity but those at high risk of exposure,” Dr. Maldonado added.21:26
de-factoits your decision, boosting immunity helps with protection, if you need it already only you can decide (since you know all the relevant info such as being exposed, at risk for some reason etc)21:32
ann-awell, if waiting for moderna is not smart, I might go ahead21:34
de-factoin your place i probably would do exactly what i would expect the majority of people in that category (age, vaccine brand, scheduling, etc pp) would do, to stay in the median of the "supported" majority21:37
ann-asorry, not sure what you mean, remaining with the same brand?21:38
de-factoi mean that if you do what the majority of people like you do there probably will be studies evaluating their immune progression at some time21:39
de-factoi would aim to stay inside a group that is represented by such studies21:39
de-factojust being the "common case" that such studies would try to evaluate21:40
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): The 2021 Lasker Award in Medicine to @kkariko and @WeissmanLab is phenomenal. This "In Gratitude for mRNA vaccines" @NEJM today reviews why it is so richly deserving nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…@nytimes coveragenytimes.com/2021/09/24/wor…thrilled to have been a nominator pic.twitter.com/8bDwDcr54H → https://is.gd/qRrMF321:44
ann-aoh too complicated, I may just take what I can get21:47
LjLlololol <Brainstorm> New from Reddit (test): CoronaVirus_2019_nCoV: Arkansas hospital is requiring employees who claim a religious exemption for the COVID-19 vaccine to also voluntarily opt out of 30 additional commonly-used medications developed with fetal cell lines → https://is.gd/vF95ml21:49
LjL"requiring... to voluntary opt out", some irony21:49
de-factoLjL, btw does Brainstorm use the bridge now?21:59
nixonixwhat is that pizza called, you can pick your own toppings?22:01
nixonixpeople are given too much choices. how about: "sars2 vaccines belong to our healthcare system. are you in or out?"22:02
nixonix.title https://twitter.com/itosettiMD_MBA/status/144131535492011212922:02
Brainstormnixonix: From twitter.com: Irene Tosetti (@itosettiMD_MBA): "Switzerland How to de facto use vaccination as an ICU triage criteria, without openly saying so: add expected length of ICU stay to criteria. COVID-19 usually [...]22:02
BrainstormNew from r/WorldNews: worldnews: Norway reclassifies Covid-19: No more dangerous than ordinary flu → https://is.gd/i4vg8v22:05
nixonixwho are they quoting? their king?22:06
nixonix.title https://twitter.com/jwgain01/status/1441099876050165770  leonardi answers below22:08
Brainstormnixonix: From twitter.com: Joshua (@jwgain01): "So are you saying that this virus will always be a persistent threat for severe disease even as people are vaccinated and build immunity? That we will never get to the point to [...]22:08
de-factoas long as SARS-CoV-2 stays it will cause problems for sure, but i guess we will get used to dealing with it22:13
ann-asee what happens in early November, as to if hospitals can manage22:14
de-factoafaik seasonality was estimated to have a periodic impact of around 40% on reproduction numbers in Europe, hence i guess similar applies for US22:15
de-factominimum at July, maximum at Jan22:15
LjLde-facto, it uses the bridge for some things like earthquakes, mostly it doesn't22:21
nixonixthis year in most western european countries cases started to go up around beginning of july (here it was middle of june)22:29
nixonixlast year i think mid july mostly, here beginning of august, in spain earlier, belgium had mid-summer wave22:30
nixonixhumidity is at its peak often in august, i think. peak sun intensity around june 21st22:30
nixonixif it was only about climate or weather (instead of regulations, behavior, immunity etc), R should be lowest at the minimum, meaning cases still going down fast. not the minimum daily case number22:33
nixonixi like to read leonardi's grim forecasts, they dont make me angry. unlike those "its becoming flu-like" and we now need to learn to live with it22:35
LjLthey don't make me angry either, they just made me, uh, sad, depressed, desperate?22:36
LjLbut not very angry22:36
BrainstormUpdates for Canada: +34 deaths (now 27602) since 23 hours ago22:36
nixonixyeah, but they may be worst case scenarios22:37
ann-aseems to be about a month earlier than flu season in the US 2 years in a row22:37
ann-a1-2 months22:37
nixonixi dont think even leonardi has suggested things like it picking up features of mers, immune amnesia and stuff like that22:37
LjLwell at least now you have!22:38
BrainstormNew from Pfizer: kimkevin: Pfizer and OPKO Announce Extension of U.S. FDA Review of Biologics License Application of Somatrogon for Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency → https://is.gd/gKROzp22:38
nixonixi didnt. im not saying those are about to happen22:38
LjLwhew22:38
LjL(in before: "or that they aren't")22:39
nixonixim just wondering what would it take. i dont know mers or measles that well, which changes would be needed for sars2, and how likely they are during the years and decades22:39
nixonixour chief epidemiologist used to work with tegnell in sweden. johan giesecke was their boss22:42
nixonix(not with title like that, but health security chief in our national health institute)22:43
twomooni'm starting to think you could be the top virologist in finland if you wanted nixonix22:45
nixonix.title https://twitter.com/itosettiMD_MBA/status/143785552828636775222:47
Brainstormnixonix: From twitter.com: Irene Tosetti (@itosettiMD_MBA): "it means they pursue dystopian mass infection of schoolchildren like in the UK, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands." | 42l - nitter22:47
BrainstormNew from COVID tweets: Eric Topol (@EricTopol): "CDC puts faith in ‘self-attestation’ of Americans to not get a booster before they’re eligible"That has as much chance to succeed as the May announcement to drop need for masks except in the unvaccinatedft.com/content/fbcd39… pic.twitter.com/t0mbZdb28e → https://is.gd/xBMNxt22:59
BrainstormUpdates for Curacao: +49 cases (now 16303), +1 deaths (now 159), +3444 tests (now 270927) since a day ago23:01
nixonix.title https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/144141454090255156123:15
Brainstormnixonix: From twitter.com: Eric Feigl-Ding (@DrEricDing): "8) “In recent weeks, some anti-vaccine @Facebook groups and conspiracy theory influencers on the encrypted messaging app Telegram have offered instructions on how to [...]23:15
BrainstormNew from WebMD: COVID-19 Booster Shots: Top Questions Answered: Do I need to show proof of being high risk? Am I still fully vaccinated if I haven’t received a booster? We break down your most pressing questions surrounding FDA’s updated COVID-19 booster guidelines. → https://is.gd/UHafOE23:21
nixonix.title https://twitter.com/LiveOnTheChat/status/1441423559516213248  new normal. unless you stop testing, then it just spreads and spreads23:22
Brainstormnixonix: From twitter.com: The Chat (@LiveOnTheChat): "BREAKING: Sunny and Ana have been asked to leave the ABC studio because they tested positive for COVID. #TheView" | nitter23:22
ann-awhere we live all thats required is to show a photo of a vaccine card, to a restaurant,23:22
ann-ahardly a 'vaccine passport'23:22
pwr22Is the EU having all these problems with fuel, good, co2 and lorry drivers?23:24
pwr22Oh yeah, gas too23:25
pwr22or is that just the UK?23:25
nixonixkids are more likely to get little or no immunity from sars2 infection, so reinfections and new chance to get it bad, or get organ and brain damage etc, are way more frequent than with adults23:28
nixonixits the same with common cold ronas. despite that not all of the four are not that common, reinfections are frequent:23:28
nixonix"The common cold is the most frequent infectious disease in humans.[18] Under normal circumstances, the average adult gets two to three colds a year, while the average child may get six to eight23:28
nixonixi recall reading kids may get common cold ronas even 12 times per year23:30
nixonixbut when you get it bad, then youll have longer break until next one...23:31
nixonixhow did this age? (i meant not vaccinated): [Thursday, July 9, 2020] [11:52:57 PM EEST] <nixonix>   my crack here, you get it once a year until you get it real bad, then you have a two year break - wasnt perhaps that23:36
nixonix far off...23:36
TurboTechGood afternoon all23:43
BrainstormTurboTech: At 2021-09-23 21:19:18 UTC, LjL told you: remind nixonix to mention the 16 week dose thing to you23:43
TurboTechWhat about the 16 week dose thing?23:43
nixonixit may be even double that, if theres enough of it in circulation. depending vax coverage, waning, dose interval, mitigation measures and peoples own behavior. when and what kind of information we will get on things like POD, brain damage etc23:44
nixonixand for kids even 3-4 times that23:44
nixonixyeah there was a few papers i planned to link to you too, ill find them in a min...23:45
nixonix.title https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/emmm.202114150  you read this already? so close to topics you are interested in, im guessing yes23:47
Brainstormnixonix: From www.embopress.org: Long‐lived macrophage reprogramming drives spike protein‐mediated inflammasome activation in COVID‐19 | EMBO Molecular Medicine23:47
TurboTechSorry My phone rang23:50
TurboTechI do not recall reading this, but this is exactly what I have been studying the last 6 months.23:52
TurboTechmaybe longer23:52
nixonixmaybe ill repaste the same quotes then. complain if its too much flooding (the same stuff i pasted yesterday), and ill stop23:53
TurboTechthink about this.  Vitamin D is very important and the Vitamin D binding protein is the most polymorphic substance in the human body. What if fructose is instrumental in reprograming vitamin D and the monocyte and sars cov-2 comes in and just exploits it to the power of 1023:54
nixonix"Furthermore, we show that the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein is capable of priming inflammasome signaling in macrophages derived from tuberculosis patients again indicating common targets for the respective virus- or mycobacterium-derived PAMPs. Whether our ex vivo findings translate into protective effects of BCG vaccination requires further investigation23:54
TurboTechI am reading it23:54
nixonix"after exposure to certain pathogens or vaccines, trained inflammatory monocytes are produced which become highly reactive following a second antigenic stimulus (Arts et al, 2018; O’Neill & Netea, 2020). However, a similar phenomenon has not been shown yet for a viral infection and a correlating PAMP. (those are pathogen associated patterns, that23:55
nixonixcertain receptors recognize)23:55
nixonix"Innate immune memory is most likely generated through transcriptomic, epigenetic, and functional reprogramming of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and the respective marks can also be detected in blood monocytes23:55
TurboTechSo what is instrumental in normal signaling of PAMP's23:55
nixonixyou mean inflammasome? PAMPs are new to me, i understood that they havent recognized them from viral infections before. some bacterial etc thing23:56
nixonixwhich reminded me from superantigens (similar patterns than in some bacterial toxins and snake venoms)23:56
TurboTechNLRP3 inflammasome are Nod Like receptors in the cell like TLR's are receptors on the membrane.23:57
TurboTech"Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are components of the innate immune system that respond to exogenous infectious ligands (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and endogenous molecules that are released during host tissue injury/death (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs)."23:58
TurboTech.title https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4709508/23:59
BrainstormTurboTech: From www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: Toll-like Receptors in the Vascular System: Sensing the Dangers Within - PMC23:59

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